Description
In November 1944, R.S. Whipple’s donation to the University of Cambridge was put on show in the East Rooms of the Old Schools. The University accepted the donation on the condition that they found a new institution within which to house the collection.

Whipple himself wrote a guidebook to this exhibition, describing some of the more important objects and books on show. The front cover includes the following declaration: “The Exhibits are drawn from the Collection which Mr R.S. Whipple is presenting to the University and will form a nucleus for a History of Science Museum and Library in Cambridge.”

This 18th-century barometer was one of the objects featured in the 1944 exhibition.
17/10/2025
Created by: Hannah Price on 17/10/2025

Description
A barometer measures the pressure of this air upon us and our surroundings. The precise pressure of the air depends upon the weather, so a barometer is useful for weather forecasting. It can also be used as an altimeter (see "how to use" a hypsometer).

Torricelli, a pupil of Galileo, invented the traditional mercury barometer in 1644. Torricelli took a long glass tube closed at one end and completely filled it with mercury. He chose mercury because of its heaviness. Without letting air into the tube, it was then turned upside down and the open end placed in a bowl of mercury. Suprisingly perhaps, the mercury does not run out of the tube into the bowl (unless the tube is more than 760mm long). In fact, the column of mercury in the tube will always settle at the height of about 760mm above the level of the mercury in the bowl, even if the tube is tilted. This height is where the weight (or pressure) of the column of the mercury is equal to the pressure of air above the bowl, and so the height of the column of mercury measures the pressure of the surrounding air.

It was soon found that the height of the column of mercury was not absolutely fixed, but could rise and fall between 700 and 775 mm, even at sea level. The precise height seemed to depend upon the weather. From the late 17th century, therefore, the barometer rapidly became popular in the home for weather forecasting and later as an aid to the preparation of shipping forecasts. From 1840 onwards other forms of barometer were devised that did not require cumbersome columns of mercury. Best known is the aneroid barometer, which depends upon the expansion and contraction of a partially-evacuated metal chamber to register changes in external air pressure. In the late 19th century small pocket barometers of this type, which could also function as altimeters, were fashionable for mountaineers, balloonists and explorers.

01/03/2001
Created by: Chris Lewis on 01/03/2001