Accession No

5389


Brief Description

slide rule in plastic with a magnifying attachment, by Aristo, German, 20th Century


Origin

Germany


Maker

Aristo


Class

calculating


Earliest Date

1960


Latest Date

1975


Inscription Date


Material

plastic; metal


Dimensions

length 337mm; width 48mm; height with attachment 37mm


Special Collection


Provenance

Donated on 17/05/1999.


Inscription

on lower stock left side
“ARISTO-STUDIO”
on slide
“ARISTO
Nr.968
MADE IN GERMANY”


Description Notes

ARISTO STUDIO 968 slide rule in plastic with a magnifying attachment, 20th Century. Plastic cursor moves along scale; black central line for index itself. Two further black lines to the left and right of centre line equal distance apart and one other line on right side. Plastic and metal clipped attachment (can be removed) to magnify the index line and numbers on the rule. Rubber feet to prevent movement whilst on desk.

Upper part of stock carries
tangent scale marked ‘T’ divided 5.5 to 45, numbered 5.5,6,7...20,25,30...45;
co-tangent scale reading right to left, marked ‘ctg’ divided 50 to 80, numbered 50, 55...80; sine and tangent scale for small angles marked ‘ST’ divided .55 to 6, numbered .55, .6, .7...1, 1.5...3,4...6; folded scale marked ‘DF’ (also present on the slide marked ‘CF’) divided 3 to 3, numbered 3π, 4, 5...9, 1, 1, 2,3...2, 3π;

Slide carries reciprocal of principal scale marked ‘CIF’ reading right to left, divided 3 to 3, numbered 3π, 4, 5...9, 1, 1, 2,3...2, 3π; reciprocal of principal scale marked ‘CI’ divided 1 or 1[0] to 1[0] or [00] etc numbered 1, 1, 2, 3, 4,...2, 3, 4...9, 1;
double log scale marked ‘C’ (and also on lower stock marked as ‘D’) divided 1 or 1[0] to 1[0] or [00] etc numbered 1, 2, 3, 4...2, 3, 4...9, 1;

Lower stock carries scale marked ‘P’ divided 0.995 to 0, numbered .995, .99, .98....9, .8, .7....2, 0; sine scale marked ‘S’ divided 5.5 to 90, numbered 5.5, 6, 7...20, 25, 30, 25...40, 50...90; cosine scale on lower edge, divided 10 to 80 numbered 10, 20...40, 45...80;

reverse upper stock carries log scales run concurrently across three lines scale marked ‘LL03’ divided 10¯5 to .4 numbered 10¯5, 2, 5, 10¯4...10¯2, .02, .04....1, .15, .2....4; scale marked ‘LL02’ divided .35 to .91 numbered .35, .4, .45....9, .91; scale marked ‘LL01’ divided .9 to .99 numbered .9, .91....95, .955....99;
double log scale marked ‘A’ (also present on the slide marked ‘B’) divided

reverse slide carries scale marked ‘L’ common log scale divided .0 to 1, numbered .0, .1...1.0; cube scale numbered 1, 2, 3,...1, 2, 3,...1, 2, 3...1; log scale marked ‘C’ (also present on slide as ‘D’) numbered 1, 2, 3...2, 3, 4....1;

lower stock carries log scales run concurrently across three lines scale marked ‘LL3’ divided 1.01 to 1.11 numbered 1.01, 1.015, 1.02...1.05, 1.06...1.11; scale marked ‘LL2’ divided 1.1 to 3 numbered 1.1, 1.12, 1.14...1.2, 1.25...1.4, 1.5...2, 2.5, 3; scale marked ‘LL1’ divided 2.5 to 10¯5 numbered 2.5, e, 3, 4,...10, 15,20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10¯3...10¯4, 2, 5, 10¯5 ;

Condition good


References


Events

Description
This instrument is a cylindrical slide rule, a variation on the most common type, also shown in this drawer, and described below.

Developed during the seventeenth century, the modern slide rule is based upon the design by William Oughtred (circa 1630). It is one of many calculation devices that is based on the logarithmic scale, a calculation method invented in 1614 by John Napier.

Before the rise of the pocket electronic calculator in the 1970s, the slide rule was the most common tool for calculation used in science and engineering. It was used for multiplication and division, and in some cases also for ‘scientific’ functions like trigonometry, roots and logs, but not usually for addition and subtraction.

A logarithm transforms the operations of multiplication and division to addition and subtraction according to the rules log(xy) = log(x) + log(y) and log(x/y) = log(x) - log(y). The slide rule places movable logarithmic scales side by side so that the logarithms of two numbers can be easily added or subtracted from one another. This much simplifies the alternative process of looking up logs in a table, thus greatly simplifying otherwise challenging multiplications and divisions. To multiply, for example, you place the start of the second scale at the log of the first number you are multiplying, then find the log of the second number you are multiplying on the second scale, and see what number it is next to on the first scale.



FM:45749

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